30 Unprofessional Things You Should Never Say at Work

30 Unprofessional Things You Should Never Say at Work Being â€Å"professional† can feel somewhat new from the outset. It takes some becoming acclimated to. Much the same as some other social field, the working scene has its own extraordinary arrangement of rules. One of the cardinal ones is to talk and act like an adult. Here are 30 words and expressions you ought to never say at work. 1. I could list all the words here that you shouldn’t use, yet that rundown would be excessively long. Primary concern: if it’s a revile word, save it for home use.2. â€Å"We’ve consistently done it like†¦Ã¢â‚¬ If somebody requests that you accomplish something you aren’t acclimated with, or to do it in an alternate way, this is the exact opposite thing you should state. Spare the valuable input for the review.3. â€Å"I’m not reluctant to †¦.†A sound level of dread is certainly not an awful thing. Truth be told, it’s best to have some dread and ace it than to have had none at all.4. â €Å"Yes† (when you don’t mean it)It’s in every case preferable to state no over to excuse somebody with a ‘yes’ and afterward affront them by not delivering.5. â€Å"It’s important.†Convey the significance of an errand or procedure in different manners. In the event that you must be self-evident, you’ve as of now lost.6. â€Å"Are you upset?†This is nearly as terrible as â€Å"are you frantic at me?† If you need to ask; you most likely definitely know the answer.7. â€Å"Like†You’re not in center school any longer. Individuals will pass judgment on you for utilizing â€Å"like† as sentence filler.8. â€Å"Literally†Same bargain. Verb modifiers are best maintained a strategic distance from at any rate. What's more, this one is genuinely overused.9. â€Å"I thought you were doing that.†Conveys disarray, that you don’t know what’s occurring with your group. Additionally passes on that you’ll evade any duty you can.10. â€Å"That’s impossible.†Might also confess to being a loser. Don’t shut down and breaking point your colleagues (or yourself) from thinking of imaginative solutions.11. â€Å"You misunderstood.†Don’t put the fault promptly on the other individual. Attempt to locate a superior method to clarify your unique expectation or implying that doesn’t avoid obligation regarding communication.12. â€Å"Sorry I was late†Just don’t be late. Regard your time and others’ time. That is all. On the off chance that you were extremely grieved, you wouldn’t have been late.13. â€Å"Because I’m in charge†You’ll simply be hated for being overwhelming footed. Persuade individuals to follow your show others how its done and by gaining their regard.14. â€Å"Sorry†If you accomplished something deserving of a statement of regret; simply fix it. Sorry isnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t enough. What's more, if you’re simply saying 'sorry'- harum scarum for everything without exception stop. It makes you look powerless an under-confident.15. â€Å"I’m bored.†You’re not exhausted. You’re exhausting. Show somewhat activity and discover something to do.16. â€Å"I’m busy.†Even if you’re too overwhelmed to tune in or to assist, locate a superior method to impart this without sounding so self-centered.17. â€Å"Well I†¦.†Don’t one-up individuals. They loathe it. A discussion isn’t only a chance to tell everybody how much preferable your accounts are over theirs. Have a go at tuning in for once. You’ll get your chance to shine.18. â€Å"That wasn’t my fault.†Even on the off chance that it wasn’t. You appear as though a rat. Focus on the most proficient method to fix the issue, not whose issue it is.19. â€Å"I can’t do the entirety of this by myse lf.†Sure you can! Also, in the event that you can’t, be certain it’s for the correct reasons-not simply that you’re feeling apathetic. Requesting help in the correct conditions is consistently okay.20. GossipThat’s something that you have to leave in school. Experts center around work and increasingly productive social interactions.21. â€Å"Details, details.†This remark is flip and makes you look lethargic and careless. Subtleties are crucial.22. â€Å"I was simply doing what I was told.†This is simply attempting to accuse your bosses rather than your colleagues and it will never end well.23. â€Å"I have a splendid plan.†Plans are a certain something; execution is another. Execute your arrangement, at that point call it brilliant.24. â€Å"I’ll do that later.†Sorry. Genuine experts don’t tarry. Clear your daily agenda as ahead of schedule and as frequently as you can.25. â€Å"I know better.†Even in the event that you do, there is no motivation to deign. You’ll resemble a twitch and an amateurish one at that.26. Talk at a fitting volume and articulate your words. On the off chance that nobody can get you, you’ll never get anywhere.27. â€Å"Wow that chick/buddy is †¦Ã¢â‚¬ This is an office, not a club. Keep your outside-work perceptions to yourself.28. â€Å"That’s not going to happen.†There are approaches to won't or give a ‘no’ without being a stooping braggart. What's more, without getting individuals to root against you.29. â€Å"I quit† (or â€Å"I’m done†)Spare us the dramatization. Demonstrate that you can keep it cool-in any event, when really quitting.30. Regardless of whether you’re timid, you should shout out from time to time. In any case individuals will overlook you exist or they’ll make up a story to fill in the spaces. You’re much happier being open and up front.30 Phrases Unprofessional People Can’t Stop Saying At Work

The Financial System of Bangladesh

Diagram of Financial arrangement of Bangladesh The monetary arrangement of Bangladesh is involved three expansive divided divisions: 1. Formal Sector, 2. Semi-Formal Sector, 3. Casual Sector. The divisions have been arranged as per their level of guideline. The conventional segment incorporates every single directed foundation like Banks, Non-Bank Financial Institutions (FIs), Insurance Companies, Capital Market Intermediaries like Brokerage Houses, Merchant Banks and so on ; Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs).The semi formal division incorporates those establishments which are controlled in any case yet don't fall under the purview of Central Bank, Insurance Authority, Securities and Exchange Commission or some other authorized monetary controller. This segment is basically spoken to by Specialized Financial Institutions like House Building Finance Corporation (HBFC), Palli Karma Sahayak Foundation (PKSF), Samabay Bank, Grameen Bank and so on , Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs an d discrete government programs. About money related MarketThe budgetary market in Bangladesh is mostly of following sorts: 1. Currency Market: The essential currency showcase is contained banks, FIs and essential vendors as middle people and reserve funds and loaning instruments, treasury charges as instruments. There are at present 15 essential sellers (12 banks and 3 FIs) in Bangladesh. The main dynamic auxiliary market is for the time being call currency showcase which is taken an interest by the planned banks and FIs. The currency showcase in Bangladesh is controlled by Bangladesh Bank (BB), the Central Bank of Bangladesh. . Capital market: The essential portion of capital market is worked through private and open contribution of value and security instruments. The auxiliary section of capital market is standardized by two (02) stock trades Dhaka Stock Exchange and Chittagong Stock Exchange. The instruments in these trades are value protections (shares), debentures, corporate se curities and treasury securities. The capital market in Bangladesh is represented by Securities and Commission (SEC). 3.Foreign Exchange Market: Towards advancement of remote trade exchanges, various measures were received since 1990s. Bangladeshi money, the taka, was pronounced convertible on current record exchanges (as on 24 March 1994), as far as Article VIII of IMF Article of Agreement (1994). As Taka isn't convertible in capital record, occupant possessed capital isn't unreservedly transferable abroad. Repatriation of benefits or disinvestment continues on non-occupant FDI and portfolio venture inflows are allowed freely.Direct speculations of non-inhabitants in the mechanical segment and portfolio speculations of non-occupants through stock trades are repatriable abroad, as additionally are capital gains and benefits/profits consequently. Venture abroad of inhabitant possessed capital is liable to earlier Bangladesh Bank endorsement, which is permitted just sparingly. Banglad esh embraced Floating Exchange Rate system since 31 May 2003. Under the system, BB doesn't meddle in the assurance of conversion standard, however works the money related arrangement wisely for limiting outrageous swings in swapping scale to stay away from unfriendly repercussion on the household economy.The conversion scale is being resolved in the market based on showcase request and gracefully powers of the particular monetary forms. In the forex advertise banks are allowed to purchase and deal outside cash in the spot and furthermore in the forward business sectors. Be that as it may, to stay away from any abnormal unpredictability in the swapping scale, Bangladesh Bank, the controller of remote trade showcase stays careful over the advancements in the outside trade advertise and mediates by purchasing and selling remote monetary forms at whatever point it considers important to keep up solidness in the remote trade market.Regulators of the Financial System Central Bank Banglade sh Bank goes about as the Central Bank of Bangladesh which was built up on December 16, 1972 through the institution of Bangladesh Bank Order 1972-President’s Order No. 127 of 1972 (Amended in 2003). The general administration and course of the undertakings and business of BB have been depended to a 9 individuals' Board of Directors which is going by the Governor who is the Chief Executive Officer of this establishment too. BB has 40 offices and 9 branch offices.In Strategic Plan (2010-2014), the vision of BB has been expressed as, â€Å"To grow persistently as a forward looking national keep money with able and submitted experts of high moral guidelines, directing fiscal administration and budgetary segment oversight to keep up value strength and monetary framework vigor, supporting quick expansive based comprehensive financial development, work age and neediness destruction in Bangladesh†. The principle elements of BB are (Section 7A of BB Order, 1972) †1. to pl an and actualize money related strategy; 2. o define and execute mediation approaches in the outside trade advertise; 3. to offer guidance to the Government on the association of money related arrangement with financial and conversion scale approach, on the effect of different strategy quantifies on the economy and to propose authoritative estimates it thinks about vital or suitable to achieve its destinations and play out its capacities; 4. to hold and deal with the authority outside stores of Bangladesh; 5. to advance, manage and guarantee a protected and effective installment framework, including the issue of monetary certificates; 6. o direct and oversee banking organizations and money related foundations. Center Policies of Central Bank Monetary strategy The primary targets of money related arrangement of Bangladesh Bank are: †¢Price strength both inner and outer †¢Sustainable development and advancement †¢High work †¢Economic and proficient utilization of a ssets †¢Stability of budgetary and installment framework Bangladesh Bank pronounces the financial approach by giving Monetary Policy Statement (MPS) twice (January and July) in a year.The devices and instruments for usage of fiscal arrangement in Bangladesh are Bank Rate, Open Market Operations (OMO), Repurchase understandings (Repo) and Reverse Repo, Statutory Reserve Requirements (SLR and CRR). Save Management Strategy Bangladesh Bank keeps up the remote trade save of the nation in various monetary forms to limit the hazard rising up out of across the board vacillation in conversion scale of significant monetary standards and sporadic development in loan fees in the worldwide cash market.BB has set up Nostro account courses of action with various Central Banks. Assets aggregated in these records are put resources into Treasury bills, repos and other government papers in the individual monetary forms. It additionally makes interest as momentary stores with various high apprais ed and presumed business banks and acquisition of high evaluated sovereign/supranational/corporate securities. A different division of BB plays out the operational capacities in regards to speculation which is guided by venture approach set by the BB's Investment Committee headed by a Deputy Governor.The fundamental rule of the speculation arrangement is to guarantee the ideal quantifiable profit with least market chance. Loan cost Policy Under the Financial part change program, an adaptable intrigue strategy was figured. As indicated by that, banks are allowed to charge/fix their store (Bank/Financial Institutes) and Lending (Bank/Financial Institutes) rates other than Export Credit. At present, aside from Pre-shipment send out credit and horticultural loaning, there is no financing cost top on loaning for banks.Yet, banks can separate loan fee up to 3% considering similar hazard components required among borrowers in same loaning class. With dynamic deregulation of financing costs , banks have been educated to report the mid-rate regarding the cutoff (assuming any) for various areas and the banks may change premium 1. 5% pretty much than the declared mid-rate based on the relative credit chance. Banks transfer their store and loaning financing cost in their separate site. Capital Adequacy for Banks and FIsWith a view to reinforcing the capital base of banks and FIs, Basel-II Accord has been presented in both of these divisions. For banks, full usage of Basel-II was begun in January 01, 2010 (Guidelines on Risk Based Capital Adequacy for banks). Presently, planned banks in Bangladesh are required to look after Tk. 4 billion or 10% of Total Risk Weighted Assets as capital, whichever is higher. For FIs, full usage of Basel-II has been begun in January 01, 2012 (Prudential Guidelines on Capital Adequacy and Market Discipline (CAMD) for Financial Institutions).Now, FIs in Bangladesh are required to look after Tk. 1 billion or 10% of Total Risk Weighted Assets as c apital, whichever is higher. Store Insurance The store protection plot (DIS) was presented in Bangladesh in August 1984 to go about as a security net for the contributors. All the booked banks Bangladesh are the individual from this plan Bank Deposit Insurance Act 2000. The reason for DIS is to assist with expanding market discipline, decrease moral peril in the budgetary part and give security nets at the base expense to people in general in case of bank failure.A Deposit Insurance Trust Fund (DITF) has additionally been made for giving constrained assurance (not surpassing Taka 0. 01 million) to a little investor if there should be an occurrence of ending up of any bank. The Board of Directors of BB is the Trustee Board for the DITF. BB has received an arrangement of hazard based store protection premium rates appropriate for every single planned bank compelling from January †June 2007. As per new guidance with respect to premium rates, issue banks are required to pay 0. 09 p ercent and private banks other than the difficult banks and state possessed business banks are required to pay 0. 7 percent where the percent inclusion of the stores is taka one hundred thousand for every investor for each bank. With this end in see, BB has just prompted the banks for carrying DIS into the notification of people in general through showcase

Felines of Fifth West

Felines of Fifth West So they say that the best part of MIT is the people. Is this true? Well, maybe. I would say that it depends whether or not you consider cats to be people, in which case I would whole-heartedly agree that one of the best parts of MIT is the tiny furry people walking around on the floor where I live. On this day let us take a look at the dynamic personalities of the felines on Fifth West of East Campus.     Puru is a ragdoll cat, which apparently means he has some genetic mutation that makes him extremely docile and friendly (or according to Wikipedia, “dog-like”) and is extremely inbred. Awww. His name is derived from the Japanese sound for jelly jiggling when you poke it (puru puru) and pretty much you can treat him like a sack of jelly and push him around or pick him up or throw him or do whatever and the most hostility he will ever give you is an annoyed-sounding “miaaaw.” Puru and I have a beautiful friendship and even though I am sort of mean to him and call him a dumb, weird dog, he likes to follow me around and hang out with me in my room or under my bed. One thing I have noticed about Puru is that he is really fed up with being cooped up on 5W and seems to be dying to see the world. He’ll be following me around as I’m about to leave the hall, and when I close the stair door behind him I can hear him wailing with the most sad meows you can possibly imagine. He likes to jump up on window sills and stare outside longingly apparently twice when he found windows that were left open he was so desperate to escape that he JUMPED OUT of them and fell FIVE STORIES to the ground. No major injuries either time, and one of the times it was my window, whoops. I guess that makes seven lives left.         Handsome devil. Our hall had a Puru-themed party last year, though I overheard someone saying they were confused when they got there cause they did not know who Puru was and were expecting a Peru themed party. Lul. ~ Orion is a cutie who belongs to Joanna who lives next door to me. He’s sort of skittish and easily frightened so I have to approach him with caution or else he’ll run away, even though he totally knows that I’m not gunna hurt him, cause I’ve pet him a lot of times before. Yesterday I watched him and Puru have this crazy fight where Puru jumped on top of him and they rolled around for a bit and Orion retreated into the kitchen and hid under a chair. I think (hope) they were just being playful but I’m noooot entirely sure.             Daww. ~ Schrodinger (Schrodie, Scrotie) is generally social and likes to follow people around and meow at them, but if you try to carry her around or generally mess with her she’ll unleash her claws upon you and it will not be a pleasant experience. Other than that, though, she is sweet and likes to rub her head against you back and forth like she’s nuzzling you. It will make you feel very loved. She also does this thing where she jumps on top of your laptop while you’re trying to work and just sits on your keyboard and stares at you, which I would probably get annoyed about if most of my human friends did that, but with Schrodie it’s okay.         ~ I have a complicated relationship with Caboodle. It’s like he’s hot and he’s cold, ya know, some days we’re bros and some days it’s like I mean nothing to him. I don’t take it personally, though, because he just seems like a really shy person and I completely understand his tendency to just stay in his room most of the time. Often you can find him poking his head out of the door and watching what’s going on in the hallway, but if you come near him he runs back into the room and hides. It’s honestly the cutest thing. Also sometimes I’ll come back to my room after having left the door open and Ill close it on my way in and be in there for like fifteen minutes when all of a sudden I see Caboodle dart out towards the door from under the bed as if he’s hoping I won’t notice he was hiding there. Lol lol. Like obviously he thinks hes being sneaky, but usually my door will be closed and he’ll just stand there like oh frick waiting for me to let him out.             Caboodle you socially awkward animal I see myself in you. ~ I also wanted to mention Rupert even though he actually lives on Fourth West just because I have very strong feelings about this.. creature. See whenever I try to pet him, he seems to be enjoying it for maybe fifteen seconds and I’ll be like, aw, how cute, a nice, innocent kitty that has definitely not been animated by Satan himself.. when all of a sudden he will LUNGE and DIG HIS TEETH into my hand and not let go until I SCREAM and PRY OPEN his mouth and revoke all of my previous benefits of the doubt. (!!!) I don’t know why I still try â€" maybe it’s because I believe in the general goodness of other people if you give them more chances to show it, or else it’s those bright, captivating eyes beckoning me towards him so he can siphon the life force out of me and deliver it to hell, but I would like to take this opportunity warn you to NOT fall for his twisted little games. Evil, evil, evil.     (Apparently, though, my friend Schmessica* who lived on 41W for the summer was able to build a decent relationship with him by verbally reciprocating the hostility, thus gaining his respect and tipping the power play in her favor. I would recommend this strategy only for the bravest of heart.) *Name has been changed to avoid incrimination by PETA. But uh, yeah. Be safe out there.

Pancho Villa Mexican Revolutionary

Born on June 5, 1878, as Doroteo Arango Arà ¡mbula, the future Francisco Pancho Villa was the son of peasants living in San Juan del Rà ­o. As a child, he received some education from a local church-run school but became a sharecropper when his father died. At the age of 16, he moved to Chihuahua but swiftly returned after his sister was raped by a local hacienda owner. After tracking down the owner, Agustà ­n Negrete, Villa shot him and stole a horse before fleeing to the Sierra Madre mountains. Roaming the hills as a bandit, Villas outlook changed following a meeting with Abraham Gonzà ¡lez. Fighting for Madero The local representative for Francisco Madero, a politician who was opposed to the rule of dictator Porfirio Dà ­az, Gonzà ¡lez convinced Villa that through his banditry he could fight for the people and hurt the hacienda owners. In 1910, the Mexican Revolution began, with Maderos pro-democracy, antirreeleccionista volunteers confronting Dà ­azs federal troops. As the revolution spread, Villa joined with Maderos forces and aided in winning the first Battle of Ciudad Juà ¡rez in 1911. Later that year, he married Marà ­a Luz Corral. All across Mexico, Maderos volunteers won victories, driving Dà ­az into exile. Orozcos Revolution With Dà ­az gone, Madero assumed the presidency. His rule was immediately challenged by Pascual Orozco. Villa swiftly offered his los dorados cavalry to General Victoriano Huerta to aid in destroying Orozco. Rather than utilize Villa, Huerta, who viewed him as a rival, had him imprisoned. After a brief term in captivity, Villa managed to escape. Huerta meanwhile had crushed Orozco and had conspired to ​murder Madero. With the president dead, Huerta proclaimed himself provisional president. In response, Villa allied with Venustiano Carranza to depose the usurper. Defeating Huerta Operating in conjunction with Carranzas Constitutionalist Army of Mexico, Villa operated in the northern provinces. In March 1913, the fight became personal for Villa when Huerta ordered the murder of his friend Abraham Gonzà ¡lez. Building a force of volunteers and mercenaries, Villa quickly won a string of victories at Ciudad Juà ¡rez, Tierra Blanca, Chihuahua, and Ojinaga. These earned him the governorship of Chihuahua. During this time, his stature had grown to the point that US Army invited him to meet with its senior leaders, including Gen. John J. Pershing, at Fort Bliss, TX. Returning to Mexico, Villa gathered supplies for a drive south. Utilizing the railroads, Villas men attacked quickly and won battles against Huertas forces at Gà ³mez Palacio and Torreà ³n. Following this last victory, Carranza, who was concerned that Villa might beat him to Mexico City, ordered him to divert his attack towards Saltillo or risk losing his coal supply. Needing coal to fuel his trains, Villa complied but offered his resignation after the battle. Before it was accepted, he was convinced by his staff officers to retract it and defy Carranza by attacking the silver producing city of Zacatecas. Fall of Zacatecas Situated in the mountains, Zacatecas was heavily defended by Federal troops. Attacking up steep slopes, Villas men won a bloody victory, with combined casualties numbering over 7,000 dead and 5,000 wounded. The capture of Zacatecas in June 1914, broke the back of Huertas regime and he fled into exile. In August 1914, Carranza and his army entered Mexico City. Villa and ​Emiliano Zapata, a military leader from southern Mexico, broke with Carranza fearing that he wished to be a dictator. At the Convention of Aguascalientes, Carranza was deposed as president and departed for Vera Cruz. Battling Carranza Following Carranzas departure, Villa and Zapata occupied the capital. In 1915, Villa was forced to abandon Mexico City after a number of incidents involving his troops. This helped pave the way for the return of Carranza and his followers. With Carranza reasserting power, Villa and Zapata revolted against the regime. To combat Villa, Carranza sent his ablest general, à lvaro Obregà ³n north. Meeting at the Battle of Celaya on April 13, 1915, Villa was badly defeated suffering 4,000 killed and 6,000 captured. Villas position was further weakened by the United States refusal to sell him weapons.​ The Columbus Raid and Punitive Expedition Feeling betrayed by the Americans for the embargo and their allowance of Carranzas troops to use US railroads, Villa ordered a raid across the border to strike at Columbus, NM. Attacking on March 9, 1916, they burned the town and looted military supplies. A detachment of the US 13th Cavalry killed 80 of Villas raiders. In response, President Woodrow Wilson dispatched Gen. John J. Pershing and 10,000 men to Mexico to capture Villa. Employing aircraft and trucks for the first time, the Punitive Expedition chased Villa until January 1917, with no success. Retirement Death Following Celaya and the American incursion, Villas influence began to wane. While he remained active, Carranza had shifted his military focus to dealing with the more dangerous threat posed by Zapata in the south. Villas last major military action was a raid against Ciudad Juà ¡rez in 1919. The following year he negotiated his peaceful retirement with new president Adolfo de la Huerta. Retiring to the hacienda of El Canutillo, he was assassinated while traveling through Parral, Chihuahua in his car on July 20, 1923.

William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay - 2269 Words

William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In Romeo and Juliet, the characters of both Juliet and her father, Lord Capulet, and their relationship is very much affected by not only the way in which each character conducts themselves, but also by prominent views of the public, such as the role of women in society and patriarchy. Through their relationship, Shakespeare explores many emotions, and allows himself to develop and change their relationship throughout the play. It can also be seen that their relationship changes as a result of many personality changes within both father and daughter. At first, it can be seen that Lord Capulet is quite a warm father figure, protective of Juliet and†¦show more content†¦Capulet leaves it to his wife, Lady Capulet, to tell Juliet that she is now betrothed to Paris, and when he joins the party of Juliet, Lady Capulet and the nurse, his feelings about Juliet disobeying him are clearly shown: â€Å"mistress minion, you†. Capulet even goes as far as to almost disown Juliet, his only daughter, for not marrying Paris, which is a great contrast to giving her freedom of choice. â€Å"Get thee to church o’ Thursday/ Or never after look me in the face†. This shows how threatened Capulet feels when his daughter does not obey him, as he is no longer in charge of everyone in the family. It can be seen that patriarchy was very important to Capulet, it does not seem right to him that his daughter should disobey him in such a way. This change of character is not only seen in Lord Capulet, but also in Juliet, as her relationship with Romeo intensifies. When Juliet is first told of Paris’s noble intentions in Act 1, Scene 3, she confesses that she had not before even thought of marriage, but agrees to consider it, and even agrees not to go any further than her parents want her to. â€Å"But no more deep will I endart mine eye / Than your consent gives strength to make it fly.† From Juliet’sShow MoreRelated William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1869 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In Romeo and Juliet, love is depicted in several ways. Both Luhrman and Shakespeare represent love in different ways in different contexts to both the Elizabethan era and the contemporary audience. Both the original and later manifestations of the text are valued because they both communicate to the audience on the values of love and society by employing a variety of devices. 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The arising issues of order and authority, fate and love entertain/ed and appeals/edRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay602 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is a romantic tragedy written by William Shakespeare in 1595, which is over 400 years ago. Romeo and Juliet are â€Å"two star-crossed lovers†, who fell in love at first sight and struggle through circumstances, which ends with their death. There are some characters that are to blame for their deaths and some more than others. The Montagues are someway to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet because

Kotler Ch. 1 Jetblue Company Case 14th Edition Free Essays

1. The need being met by JetBlue is mainly transportation. In today’s world consumers need to be able to travel long-distances quickly and JetBlue’s practices ensure customer comfort/satisfaction along the journey. We will write a custom essay sample on Kotler Ch. 1 Jetblue Company Case 14th Edition or any similar topic only for you Order Now The wants of JetBlue’s customers are to safely and quickly travel on an airplane. They also want to be comfortable and treated well. JetBlue accomplishes this by providing leather seats and entertainment with great customer service. The demands of this airline’s customers are pretty low. They are already flying on a â€Å"discount airline,† yet they have great amenities such as more legroom. There are not really any wants that money needs to back in this scenario. JetBlue has done a good job at ensuring everything from email is available at no extra charge. 2. Consumers exchange money and time for a flight with JetBlue. They also give up the ability to fly with another airline. In exchange, however they get the â€Å"happy jetting† experience. This includes amenities such as plush seats and snacks combined with excellent customer service. From the terminal, to the plane, JetBlue employees are courteous and nice. This overall experience is highly valued by JetBlue and is supported by all the smaller facets of their market offering. 5. JetBlue should certainly be able to continue building customer relationships successfully. While Southwest is a competitor, JetBlue does have the competitive edge in cost. Also, their fun culture combined with loyal customers who spread the word certainly helps continue this success. It’s not easy to offer such great amenities while also having low fares, but JetBlue also places a lot of value on their intangible wonderful customer service. How to cite Kotler Ch. 1 Jetblue Company Case 14th Edition, Essay examples

The Steel Pan Music History

The musical traditions hosted by Trinidad often reflect its complex political history. Certain trends in musical styles and types of musical instruments emerged as a reply to the oppressive politics of European colonizers (Manuel, Bilby, Largey 240). One of the bright examples of such creative and ingenious response to the British cultural repression is the invention of steel drum, or pan (Manuel et al. 240). The tradition of steel pan music embodies the key social trends of Caribbean society aimed at social inclusiveness (Johnson 206).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Steel Pan Music History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The roots of steel pan bands can be traced back to the colonial past, when slaves of African origin were not allowed to practice their cultural rites and to express their national identity via playing drums (Pilgrim 427). Even after abolition of slavery in 1834, they were forced to s hift their traditional celebrations of canboulay[1] to carnival days, and those were the only times when they could practice playing self-made percussion instruments (Pilgrim 427). At first those percussion ensembles consisted of bamboo tubes which were hit by sticks and therefore were called â€Å"tamboo-bamboo† after the material of instruments (Manuel et al. 240). Later on, the wooden details were substituted with metal ones and by the early 1940s metal drums took over the traditional â€Å"tamboo-bamboo† instruments (Manuel et al. 240). Initially, a steel band ensemble included most primitive objects as its instruments: biscuit or paint tins, kerosene containers, empty oil drums — everything that had a certain pitch would be used for making rhythmical music (Pilgrim 427). Everything connected with steel band activities acquires a prefix ‘pan-‘: the instruments are called pans, the performance places are panyards, the performers are pan-beaters, e tc. (Pilgrim 426). According to their range, pans are classified into five categories, ranging from tenor to bass pans (Pilgrim 426). The bass, cello, and tenor pans are used for harmony, while the more sharp-sounding ping-pong drums play the melody (Manuel et al. 242). The repertoire performed by pan bands is extremely diversified: from traditional folk songs to soundtrack tunes to works of classical music (Manuel et al. 242). The social significance of steel bands lays in the fact that they allow inclusion of a wide range of social strata in their performance practice. On the one hand, initially created as a way of music making for the lowest and poorest classes of society, steel bands easily allowed representatives of middle class in their friendly community (Johnson 206). On the other hand, steel bands included amateurs who could read no score, and therefore they promoted the spirit of shared improvisation and cooperation between its members. In addition, as steel bands enjoyed more and more popularity with the people, their competitive nature emerged in the form of so-called revving[2] which emphasized the individual skills and strong points of each band (Johnson 208).Advertising Looking for assessment on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In terms of political implications, steel bands revealed their unique quality of promoting amateur culture. Initially frowned upon by the British authorities, steel bands appeared to attract so many tourists that they were gradually recognized as national cultural heritage and accepted as legal. In 1951 Trinidad All Steel Percussion Orchestra, TASPO, brought the art of steel pan performance on a tour around England, and since 1963 a Panorama competition is held among steel bands (Manuel et al. 242). The popularity and the public recognition steel bands have acquired during the last century shows that this initially underground movement has evolved int o a full-blood trend in amateur music that not only brings enjoyment but also helps to resolve social and political tensions. Works Cited Johnson, Kim. â€Å"Notes on the Pan.† Carnival: Culture in Action: The Trinidad Experience. Ed. Milla Cozart Riggio. New York, NY: Routlege, 2004. 204–212. Print. Manuel, Peter, Kenneth Bilby, and Michael Largey. Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music from Rumba to Reggae. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2006. Print. Pilgrim, Scofield. â€Å"Steelband in Trinidad and Tobago, or, Trinidad Steelband.† Music in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Encyclopedic History. Ed. Malena Kuss. Vol. 2. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2007. 425–430. Print. Footnotes Canboulay is a traditional slave drum parade that celebrates burning the sugarcane before reaping (Pilgrim 427). In this context revving means increasing the competitive spirit between the musicians by increasing the tempo and virtuosity of performance. This assessment on The Steel Pan Music History was written and submitted by user Rhett E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mechanical Engineering essays

Mechanical Engineering essays Since I can remember I have always been interested in automobiles. When I was young however I wasnt to sure how I wanted to use that interested and make a career out of it. I juggled around a few ideas: bus driver, gas station employee, taxi driver, etc. It wasnt until I got older however that I realized how low down those jobs were. So I looked around to find a higher-class job that paid more money. My older brother mentioned to me about Mechanical Engineering and designing cars. Of course that would be the perfect career for me, decent pay, easy job, and for me it would be an enjoyable job. Besides designing cars a Mechanical Engineer can do many different jobs. Their takes may include researching, developing, designing, manufacturing, and testing mechanical devices, such as engines, machines, and other mechanical devices. Many times Engineers of this field will use computer programs like CAM and CAD to help them design many of their projects. There are several Engineers working in agriculture, transportation, manufacturing, and government positions. For a person to get into this field it is usually required to go to college for four years or more depending on the exact position you would like. People going into this career path need to have skills in math, science, and be able to work well with you your mind. People in this field need to be able to solve complex problems as well being able to apply math equations. The job outlook from now til 2010 is to grow as machinery becomes more complex and harder to understand. In 2000 Mechanical Engineering held about 221,000 jobs. Most of the positions held were in the manufacturing industry. As far as salary goes it depends on experience and education. It is usually necessary for you to have 5 years experience making it hard to get into this career field. Bachelors degree 48,426, masters degree 55,994, and Ph.D. 72,096. The average salary however ...

How To Say Let in Spanish

How To Say Let in Spanish Let is one of those English words that can be translated numerous ways in Spanish, because let itself has numerous meanings. Take the example of translating Let me write that down to Spanish. One possibility say, Quiero apuntar eso, which has a literal meaning of I want to write that down. If you wish a more precise translation and indeed are seeking permission to take notes, use Dà ©jame apuntar eso or Dà ©jeme apuntar eso, depending on whether you are speaking in the familiar or formal second person, respectively. Dejar is the most common verb meaning to allow, so what youre saying is allow me to write that down. What is important when translating from one language to another is to look for the meaning of what you want to say and translate that rather than attempting to translate words. You simply cannot translate let the same way all the time. And if what you mean by let is I want to, then just say the equivalent of that - its much simpler! Choices for Translating ‘Let’ A few of the verbs you can use to translate let or phrases that use let include liberar (to let go), alquilar (to rent out), avisar (to let someone know), soltar (to let go), fallar (to let down or disappoint), perdonar (to let somebody off, to excuse) and cesar (to let up). It all depends on the meaning of what youre trying to say. And, of course, in English we use let to form first-person plural commands, as in lets leave or lets sing. In Spanish, that meaning is expressed in a special verb form (the same as the first-person plural subjunctive), as in salgamos and cantemos, respectively. Finally, Spanish sometimes uses que followed by a verb in the subjunctive to form an indirect command that can be translated using let, depending on the context. Example: Que vaya à ©l a la oficina. (Have him go to the office, or let him go to the office.) Sample Sentences Here are sentences illustrating possible translations for let: El gobierno cubano liberà ³ al empresario. (The Cuban government let the entrepreneur go.)Dà ©jele hablar sin interrupcià ³n. (Let him speak without interruption.)Te comunicaremos si algo ha cambiado. (Well let you know if anything has changed.)Los captores soltaron a los rehenes a las cuatro de la madrugada. (The captors let the hostages free at 4 a.m.)Me fallaba muchà ­simo. (He let me down a lot.)Vive y dejar vive. (Live and let live.)A mi no me decepciona nadie porque no espero nada de nadie. Nobody lets me down because I dont expect anything from anybody.Mis padres alquilaron un piso en 2013 por 400 euros por semana. (My parents let out a floor in 2013 for 400 euros weekly.) ¡Me deja en paz! (Let me be alone!)Avà ­same si no puedes hacerlo. (Let me know if you cant do it.)Por fin aflojà ³ la ira de la tormenta. (The fury of the storm finally let up.)Hay ciertos amigos a los que no quiero dejar entrar en mi casa. (There are some friends I dont want to let into my house.)D esde entonces, se desmejorà ³ y crecià ³ su abatimiento fà ­sico y moral. (Since then, he let himself go and sank deeper physically and morally.)

Professional writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Professional writing - Essay Example The general idea of getting out of difficult and testing times is to keep moving forward. The basic and fundamental purpose of life is to inspire and attempt to be a better person every now and then (Thrash & Elliot, 2004). The whole nations are plunged into entropy because they are not moving into the direction of intellectual growth. The global rule of national development is simple and it states that either nations develop and grow economically or die. Thus, if any nation is not growing then, it means that it is dying. The movie with the title of â€Å"The Shawshank Redemption† is a story of a bank manager who was falsely imprisoned in the case of murder. But, on the basic level, he was aware of the fact that he was innocent. The man was in cover, he had a fragile body and he walked like a broken person. The strong current of wind could have taken him with it. The fellow prisoners were accustomed to laugh at him. The more cruel ones tried to sexually abuse him but, he manag ed to avoid it with the help of knowledge. The superintendent noticed him and found that he was an honest man and therefore, the former entity deployed the prisoner as a financial manager. The falsely imprisoned person was now responsible for recording and managing financial matters of the jail (O'Sullivan, 2001). Nevertheless, when the manager came to the jail, he requested the assistant to bring him a hammer. The information travelled to a fellow prisoner and he consequently thought that it will take a century to dig a hole that can be used as an escape route from this tiny hammer (O'Sullivan, 2001). But, the manager had a plan and they always do and he was already on it without anybody knowing it. He was digging the hole in a wall and behind the wall; he knew that the sewerage line is present that will surely lead towards his freedom. But, he needed to hide the hole that he was digging and he placed a film poster at the mouth of the hole. Thus, he concealed his plan when actually it was present right in front of everyone and just hidden by thin, fragile paper. The prisoner came to know that the superintendent was committing corruption in the financial management of the jail (O'Sullivan, 2001). However, his digging project successfully ended in more than thirty years. But, he did it and used it to get to the sewerage line and made his way out. But, this is not the end of the story because he freed himself and took the financial records of the jail with him. Then, after getting out he posted the original financial records to the authorities and the high-ups decided to close the jail and take the superintendent into custody. But, the superintendent committed suicide before that (O'Sullivan, 2001). The key message of the story is persistence, patience and belief in the justness of the cause. Firstly, the bank manager believed that he was doing the right thing. He never doubted that he was doing the wrong thing because from the inside he somehow knew that he was innocent and therefore, the freedom was his essential right. The success was written when the manager believed that he was right and at the end of the day he rose victorious. The elementary concepts of planning and execution were conveyed in the whole movie. The man did not talk much but, he achieved his goal of freedom by sticking to the plan. He not only freed himself

Unfairly or illegally obtained evidence should always be excluded to Essay

Unfairly or illegally obtained evidence should always be excluded to uphold the integrity of the criminal justice system. Discuss - Essay Example s and jurists alike argue that if evidence is obtained unfairly or illegally it is suspect and undermines not only the integrity of the evidence but the integrity of the criminal justice system as well. This discussion examines these safeguards and whether or not they sufficiently maintain the integrity of the criminal justice system. Section 78 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act as interpreted by the courts has a double agenda. It seeks to ensure that a defendant is afforded his Convention right to a fair trial as contained in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights.1 Its second purpose is to ensure that all relevant evidence is admitted where ever possible and at the same time provide for the defendant’s right to a fair trial. Section 78 provides as follows: â€Å"In any proceedings the court may refuse to allow evidence on which the prosecution proposes to rely to be given if it appears to the court that, having regard to all the circumstances, including the circumstances in which the evidence was obtained, the admission of the evidence would have such an adverse effect on the fairness of the proceedings that the court ought not to admit it."2 In interpreting Section 78 the courts have taken a position entirely geared toward an element of fairness and in this way the discretion to include unfairly or illegally obtained evidence does not compromise the integrity of the criminal justice system. While Section 78 of the 1984 Act has given rise to a plethora of case law decisions, Professor Richard Stone maintains that the underlying approach by the courts is one of â€Å"fairness as fair play.†3 The judiciary has consistently displayed a propensity to remain loyal to the House of Lords decision in R v Sang [1980] AC 402 in its reading and interpretation of Section 78 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. The cumulative value of the Lords’ position on the admission into evidence of unfairly or illegally obtained evidence is

Prisons: Punishment and Rehabilitation

Prisons: Punishment and Rehabilitation In order to understand the nature of imprisonment, this chapter will briefly look at the historical origins of prison, and then it will move onto justify their theoretical legitimacy: punishment/retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. These theories/ideologies will re-occur through the thesis like themes- what we refer to them as meta-concepts. The final section of this chapter will examine the strategies employed by the Prison Service to reach its ultimate goal of protecting public and reducing re-offending. ORIGINS OF PRISON Prisons do not exist in a vacuum. They exist because society decided that they should be used as a method of responding to crime. The early 12th century prisons served a custodial function, mainly detaining people until civil debts were met. A prisons effectiveness was measured by its success in holding people (Muncie, 2001: 159). And in the 18th century, though the prison population remained mainly debtors, the rationale behind prison changed to one of punishment rather than containment. The end of the 18th century saw the rise of the penitentiary in which prisoners were categorised into groups in a regime of punishment, and were subjected to severe physical labour and moral reformation (Muncie, 2001: 164). Things changed drastically over time, and issues such as justice and rehabilitation ascended in the prison system. Benevolent societies were committed to ushering in better conditions, useful employment and good habits of behaviour through discipline and compassion (Muncie, 2001: 169). Perhaps this formed the inspiration of contemporary rehabilitative yet punitive National Offender Management Service (NOMS)- which is a law enforcement agency formed by the integration of the headquarters of prison and probation service to improve effectiveness and efficiency. JUSTIFICATIONS FOR IMPRISONMENT In his speech to the Conservative Party Conference, Michael Howard who was the Home Secretary in 1993, argued that for many crimes, imprisonment was the response demanded by victims in the interests of retribution. Hence, the first given purpose of imprisonment is to punish persons for the crime(s) they have committed. Punishment, in essence, is the practice of getting even with the wrongdoer. It is justified on the ground like a payment of what is owned: that is, offenders who are punished are paying their debt to society and offenders have a right to go free once they have paid their debt (McGraw, 2005:54). This is in some ways the complete antithesis of reductivism which justifies punishment on the ground that it helps to reduce the incidence of crime. Garland (1990:17) defined punishment as the legal process whereby violators of criminal law are condemned and sanctioned in accordance with specified legal categories and procedures. In Her Majestys Prison Services (HMPS) statement of purpose, which was adopted in 1988, punishment is defined as keeping in custody those committed by the court (cited in McGraw, 2005:39). There is a general agreement that the restriction of liberty would only be included for crimes like murder and other serious offences of violence against the person, such as rape. In the early times, systems of retribution favoured lex talionis, calling for an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, and a life for a life (Hudson, 1996:38). It claimed that it is morally right to return evil for evil, and that two wrongs can make a right (Bean, 1981: 16). It looked only at the crime: it made no allowance for the mental state of the offender or for any mitigating or aggravating circumstances associated with the crime. Contemporarily however lex talionis is seen as a crude formula because it cannot be applied to many of todays crimes. For instance, what punishment ought to be inflicted on a rapist under lex talionis? The failure to inflict the same on the offender as the offender has inflicted on his or her victim has forced the retributive tariff to be considerably more lenient than it used to be in Biblical times (Hudson, 1996). Being required to stay behind the walls of a prison for the specified period, not permitted to go out from the prison other than in approved circumstances, is now the most punitive sentence which a court in England and Wales can impose. The criminal law is quite specific in restricting the courts authority to impose a prison sentence: The court must not pass a custodial sentence unless it is of the opinion that the offence, or the combination of the offence and one or more offences associated with it, was so serious that neither a fine lone nor a community sentence can be justified for the offence (Criminal Justice Act, 2003: Section 152 cited in Scott, 2007: 42) A sentence of imprisonment is imposed, in principle, to deprive the individual of his or her freedom. Although some would argue that the prison is a refuge from the pressure and severity of normal life, for many prisoners the pains of deprivation of liberty and separation from family are almost unbearable. Furthermore, the coercive punitive element of imprisonment extends beyond the mere deprivation of liberty: typically, the offenders family who have not been found guilty of a crime have also seen to be punished (McGraw, 2005). This is not a big concern for some ideologies. According to the utilitarian theory, moral actions are those that produce the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people (Hudson, 1996:54), inferring that if punishment is effective in reducing crime, then the pain and unhappiness caused to the offender and to the relatives may be outweighed by the unpleasantness to other people in the future which is prevented. Prison works because it ensures that we are protected from murderers, muggers and rapists (Howard, 1993 cited in Cavadino and Dignan, 2002: 67)- a reference to the second justification of imprisonment known as incapacitation. Incapacitation enables the prison service to protect public because offenders are in prison, and they are prevented from committing other crimes. In some respects this argument is valid, particularly in respect of specific neighbourhoods where a significant proportion of crime is committed by identifiable individuals. However, this type of crime tends to be low level, attracting relatively short prison sentences. The person concerned may be taken out of their community for a short period of time but they are likely soon to return. Some of them may still give indication that, if they were to return, they would continue to present a threat to the public. A more problematic group includes those who have not committed a serious crime but have been identified by expe rts as likely to do so. It may well be necessary that these people should be in prison for as long as they present a threat. However, in order to justify holding these men in custody, the state has to derogate from Article five of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), which guarantees the right to a fair trial. Hence, although punishment for imaginary crimes in the future might not be essentially wrong for utilitarianism, it is a serious objection for retributivism and human rights theory. This is because, our powers of prediction are simply not up to the job, whether we use impressionistic guesswork, psychological testing, statistical prediction techniques or any other method (Ashworth and Redmayne, 2005: 206) inferring that a number of persons will suffer incapacitation who would not have committed further crimes if left free. The third justification of imprisonment is deterrence. There are two types of deterrence: individual and general. The former involves deterring someone who has already offended from reoffending where as the latter involves dissuading those who might be tempted. Becarria expressed his early conception of deterrence and argued that the aim of punishment can only be to prevent the criminal committing new crimes against his countrymen and to keep others from doing likewise (cited in Bean, 1981: 30). Michael Howard (1993 cited in Jewkes and Johnston, 2007:84), took a similar position to Beccaria and argued that prison works à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it makes many who are tempted to commit crime think twice because people fear the punishment that they may receive if they offend. The greater the punishment, the greater the deterrent. It can be argued, for example, that the prospect of one month in prison might be enough to deter someone from stealing  £100 but not from stealing  £100,000. To dete r someone from stealing that amount of money, the prospect might have to be several years in custody. On the contrary to punishment, another justification for imprisonment is to rehabilitate. The rehabilitation of prisoners became a prime concern for the penal system in the late eighteenth century when the demands for labour were high. The rehabilitation of prisoners in the early years of its origin was unsophisticated. The development of human sciences of psychology, physiology and sociology enabled todays rehabilitative ideal to include an examination of the offence and the criminal, and a concern for the criminals social background. The rehabilitation of offenders to re-join society, as useful and law-abiding members of the community (House of Lords, 2004:12) is attractive on a number of counts. Firstly, it provides a positive justification for what would be an otherwise negative form of punishment of the criminal, although there are some who would argue that punishment has already got a rehabilitative effect on the offender; as a result of punishment is a change on offenders valu es and beliefs which refrains him or her from committing further offences (Cavadino and Dignan, 2002). Secondly, rehabilitation is reinforced by the notion that it can reduce crime by altering the individuals character or behaviour. The rehabilitationist theory regards criminal behaviour as a social disease rather than a personal choice and sees the reasonable solution as curing that disease through psychological therapy, education and training (Cavadino and Dignan, 2002). This is attractive to those who work in prisons and who wish to do more professional work than merely deprive prisoners from their liberty. However, unwarranted assumption that crime is related to a disease and that social experts can diagnose that condition is a weakness because treatment programmes are open-ended and do not always relate to the offence (Farrall, 2002). Furthermore, there is also a room for prisoners to cheat by participating in programmes they had no faith in, by expressions of remorse they did not feel, and of intentions to refrain from crime to which they had no commitment. UNDERSTANDING CONTEMPORARY PENALITY As can be seen, there is relative clarity that prisons are not merely to lock up particular types of offenders for specified periods. There also seems to be a relative clarity that there are problems with the functions of prisons- retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, and rehabilitation- when considering the high recidivism rates. Official figures show that when the Labour party came into power in 1997, more than a third of criminals reoffended within six months, 50% almost within a year, and 58% reoffended within two years of being released (Ford, 2005). More recent statistics showed that of the offenders who were discharged from custody in 2000, 20% had been reconvicted within three months, 43% within a year, 55% within two years, and 68% within five years (BBC News, 2010a). The offenders convicted of theft took the shortest number of days (90 days) to reoffend in 2000, where in 2008 it was offenders convicted of other (91 days) (MoJ, 2010a: 49). The official statistics based on the latest data show that the proportion of offenders reoffending decreased by 6.8% from 43% in 2000 to 40.1% in 2008 (MoJ, 2010a: 21). However, the number of reconvictions classified as severe within this period rose by 14.7% (MoJ 2010a: 9). Despite that however, the severity rate has remained broadly stable at between 0.6 to 0.9 offences per 100 offenders between 2000 and 2008: this is equivalent to less than one serious offence being committed per 100 offenders in the cohort (MoJ, 2010a: 9). The majority of the most serious reconvictions committed by the 2008 cohort were in the violence offence group, with 21% accounting for sexual-related crimes. The 80% of the most serious offences were committed by offenders who had never before committed an offence classified as serious (MoJ, 2010a:15). The reconviction rates for individual prisons published for the first time revealed that there are fourteen prisons in England and Wales which have reconviction rates of more than 70%. The Do rchester prison, in Dorset, has the highest at 74.7% for adult male prisoners and New Hall, in Yorkshire, has the highest reconviction rates for female prisoners at 76% (The Guardian, 2010). However, it is highly questionable whether searching for an association between recorded crime statistics and usage of official punishments can provide satisfactory answers to the question of whether prison works. This is partly because of the unreliability of crime statistics, and also because à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ there is every reason to assume that extralegal conditions play a major role in criminal etiology (Gibbs, 1988: 28). As can be seen, the statistics above underline a long-term ineffectiveness of the criminal justice system at diverting persistent offenders from a life of crime. Thus the emerging question is why prisons are not working? It would be fair to assert that prisons are impacted by developments, trends, and changes that occur with regularity in the larger society (Saunders and Billante, 2002). The complex set of changes in politics, economics, social and cultural life has had a fundamental influence on the way prisons operate. For instance, in the mid-1990s, escapes from prisons, particularly by highly dangerous offenders, emphasised on improving security, and thus enabled community safety to become a prominent political agenda at central and local level. Michael Howard prioritised public protection and thereby played a central role in the introduction of Prisons Works philosophy because It is a deterrent. Criminals fear it. And it takes criminals out of circulation(cited in Farrall, 2002: 5). This took much of the necessity of tackling prisoners behaviour and lessened the rehabilitation initiatives: the movement was all away from individualised, indeterminate sentencing which considered offenders circumstances towards standardised, tariff sentences, which valued consistency, proportionality and predictability. Consequently, this led to a rise in the prison population (Saunders and Billante, 2002). In May 1993, the prison population used to be 43,500 but this figure rapidly increased to 60,000 within four years (McGraw, 2005:9). The labour government did little to dispel the prison population but favoured tough regime and introduced harsher sentence outcomes for violent and non-violent offences. As a result, while it had taken four decades from 1958 to 1995 for the prison population to rise by 25,000 it had taken New Labour only eight years to match that 25,000 increase (McGraw, 2005:1). On 22 February 2008 the total population exceeded the useable operational capaci ty of the prison estate for the first time in history. The number of offenders in prison at the end of February stands on 85,206. Of the population in prison custody, 80% comprised males aged 18 or older while 16% were on remand either awaiting trial or sentence (House of Commons, 2010:2). Approximately one-third of the total sentenced prison population are serving sentences of more than 12 months, with a further 18% serving indeterminate sentences (House of Commons, 2010:4). Of the sentenced population, the violence against the person offence group accounts for the largest proportion (28%) (House of Commons, 2010:4). Importantly, unlike in the past, a higher proportion of the sentenced female population are now serving sentences for violence against the person offences rather than drug offences. At a glance, the incapacitation of offenders might be a good idea (as it removes offenders from circulation), but the truth is that it is an ineffective strategy towards crime. The public rightly expects someone who is convicted of a serious crime to receive a suitably severe punishment, and in particular expects protection, but the evidence about the incapacitation effect of prison has concluded that the degree of incapacitation resulting from a sentencing policy has a marginal effect on the crime rate (Blumstein and Farrington, 1986). The best calculations suggest that incapacitation effects of imprisonment are only modest partly because most criminal careers are relatively short: by the time offenders are locked away they may be about to give up crime (Green et al 2005 cited in Cavadino and Dignan, 2002). Where crime was once viewed as a social problem facilitated by the failure of the society to provide for its members, today the society is blameless and the individual offender i s seen as a wholly volitional creature who makes rational choices to engage in crime. When imprisoned, despite the existence Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 which discloses criminal convictions, ex-offenders experience serious difficulty in readjusting to society after they have served their time and paid the dues that the law required of them because the stigma of imprisonment and long absences from work often puts employers off hiring ex-prisoners (Giddens, 1999). This exacerbates social exclusion and increases the risk of a return to crime and a life dependent on social benefits. Another effect of imprisonment, according to Western (1999 cited in Street, (no year:), prisoners are likely to develop certain attitudes, mannerisms and behavioural practices that on the inside function to enhance survival but are not compatible with success in the conventional job market. McGuire and Priestley (1985) told that to reduce the actual crime rates by one-third the prison population in England and Wales would have to rise to 300,000- an approximate fourfold increase. The capital and revenue costs of this enterprise would be enormous. To arrest the required extra numbers, many more police and prisons officers would be needed, and to process them through the courts there would have to be a rise in the numbers of court personnel. The law-and-order would not just be the biggest item of public spending; there might well be nothing left over for anything else. There also exist doubts about the effects of deterrence. According to Lefton (1991) freedom is the most valuable thing for every human being, and people will do anything to avoid putting that freedom at risk. Leftons claim may sound acceptable at first sight but there is little evidence that offenders are deterred by longer or more frequent prison sentences. Because the deterrence theory is based on classical criminology, ie, individuals must, before they act, weigh up the benefit of carrying out the offence against the possible disadvantage of going to prison, one of the problems is that we cannot calculate how many crimes are avoided because potential criminals are deterred by the prospect of imprisonment. But in terms of deterring those convicted from reoffending, the statistics do not give a great deal of cause for optimism, as discussed above. After carrying out a comprehensive review of studies, Beylebeld (1979 cited in Hudson, 1996: 23) concluded that implementing an official deterrence policy can be no more than a shot in the dark because much crime is committed on impulse, given the opportunity presented by an open window or unlocked door, and it is committed by offenders who live from moment to moment (The White Paper cited in Cavadino et al, 1999:186). An alternative deterrent strategy has been put forward by Bachman et al (1992 cited in Farral, 2002). They told that potential offenders are more likely to be deterred by the certainty of detection than the prospect of punishment. At the other end of the spectrum, for McGraw (2005), punishments that are designed as deterrents can increase, rather than decrease, delinquency. In support, Wests (1982:104) research study on boys growing up in London found that if a boy offends, the best way to prevent him from offending repeatedly is not to catch him in the first place. This research evidence may seem contrary to common sense, but such finding suggests that punishment has other effects which may cancel out and even outweigh its deterrent effects. The labelling theory, for example, contends that catching and punishing offenders labels them as criminals, and stigmatises them. To make matters worse, harsher penalties can change offenders self-image from that of a law-abiding person to that of a deviant because custodial institutions are notoriously schools for crime where offenders can meet each other, learn criminal techniques and enter into a criminal subculture. In support, Woolfs (2001) investigation into English prisons found that some prisoners who were not addicted to drugs before admission were later drug addicts by the time of their release (cited in House of Commons, 2005). This process upon release is sufficient to elicit pathological behaviour (Zimbardo, 1982:249) which can in various ways make it more difficult for prisoners to conform to a law-abiding life in future (Cavadino and Dignan, 2002). If labelling theory is correct, then an essential area which needs to be tackle d in order to lower the crime rate is to change the way the society interacts with criminals, including those released from prison, to avoid these stigmatised labels from sticking. An institutional transition from being soft on offenders to get tough agenda which incorporated retribution, deterrence and incapacitation does not mean that the rehabilitative ideal is totally taken away from the justice system. Contemporary imprisonment is also about helping offenders to lead a law abiding lives in custody and after-release (Crawley, 2004:65). Over 700 National Vocational Qualifications (NVQ) schemes are being implemented in prisons. Research-based offender rehabilitation programmes do not only offer viable alternative for reducing recidivism, but they have also shown to be an economically efficient strategy (Farrall, 2002). It is widely accepted that rehabilitation programmes give the opportunity to harness prisoners strengths, make amends to their misdemeanours, earn their redemption, and restore their relationship with the society (Maruna and LeBel, 2002). Today, many rehabilitative programmes are based on cognitive behavioural approach, which attempts to alter how offenders think by improving their cognitive and reasoning skills so that they change their attitudes towards breaking the law. Leading empirical reviews of the literature on prison based rehabilitative programmes (Lipsey and Wilson, 1998; MacKenzie, 1997) told that the most effective way to reduce offending and re-offending is through education and employment, along with behavioural or cognitive programmes. In support, Marques et al (1994:55) gave an encouraging result by reporting that offenders in their study who did not volunteer for treatment were 8.5 times more likely to be arrested for a violent crime in the first twelve months after release from prison or discharge from parole. Less dramatic but equally encouraging results were reported from Patrick Carter (2003): well-designed, well-run and well-targeted cognitive behavioural programmes can reduce reconviction rates by 5-10% (cited in House of Commons, 2005:24). However, despite the positive effects of rehabilitation on recidivism, rehabilitation remains secondary to the facilities primary functions: control and confinement. Carters (2007: 146) research into prisons found that more than two-thirds of prisoners did not agree that they were being helped to lead a law-abiding life on release in the community; and only 28% of prisoners agreed that sufficient efforts are made to help prisoners stop committing offences when they have been released from custody. On the contrary however, Linden and Perrys (1988) review of research studies on the effectiveness of prison education programmes showed that although inmates have made substantial alterations to their behaviour, the changes did not necessarily have an impact on post-release employment and recidivism rates (cited in Ryan, 1990). Crawley (2004) argued that the pessimism that nothing works and that whatever you do to offenders makes no difference (Martinson, 1974) has destroyed the reformative aim of the penal system by encouraging policy makers and legislators to abandon the idea of rehabilitation as an objective of punishment- not because it had been shown to be true, but more because the disappointment of the high hopes invested in reform led to an over-reaction against the rehabilitative ideal. Mental Health Case Study: Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Mental Health Case Study: Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Mental health, Amir Daud case study Later in your initial discussions with Amir you think he may be having an anxiety disorder. Identify the character of anxiety disorder Amir is likely to be experiencing and what constituents in his history indicate this type of upset. Amir is highly likely to be experiencing Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) which results from too much sympathetic activation of the neural system. It makes the person experiencing it gets constant nervousness that leads to a negative impact on both physical and emotional health status. It significantly interferes with the normal behavior path of the individual at its mercy. Amir spent two years in torturous detention in Afghanistan, which was a time of constant uncertainty and anxiety followed by a perilous journey to Australia. While he was in detention, he witnessed many episodes of self-harm by fellow detainees who had lost hope and pessimistic about their future welfare which have contributed to increasing Amir’s trauma and anxiety state. The fact that he felt powerless in his situation aggravated his stress levels because he lacked hope or someone or something that would help secure it in that hopeless state of personal business. Amir is also battling with mild depression from worrying too much about the family he left behind as he says he feels guilty because he is aware they are still facing persecution. He blames himself for not being able to rescue them from that situation. In addition, Amir is required to secure himself employment, only he feels quite the opposite due to his impatience and poor absorption. The major symptoms of this disorder include restlessness, exaggerated startle response, sleep disturbance, difficulty in concentrating, irritability and tremor. The symptoms must have occurred days than not for at least 6months and must cause clinically important distress or impairment in social, occupational or other significant areas of functioning’ (APA, 2000). According to Sigmund Freud, His type falls under Neurotic category of which is defined as the anticipation of negative consequences that activate defensive processes. This is as a consequence of his experience in the detention which he says makes him sleep poorly and development of negative intrusive thoughts during his waking time in the morning. Possible Treatments that could be administered to Amir include pharmaceutical medication (SSRIs and Benzodiazepines) or herbal extracts made from a relaxant made from the root of the kava plant (Hall, 1998). References Derek Hayes, A. G., Suhaini, M. J., Kassim, K. K. (2014). Hope and Mental Health Nursing. LinkedIn Corporations. Hall, R. H. (1998). Anxiety Disorders. Psychiatryonline. (2014). Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders. Retrieved March 31st, 2014, from www.psychiatryonline.org: http://psychiatryonline.org/content.aspx?bookid=29sectionid=1361949 School, I. S. (2008). Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders. In I. S. School. Russia: St. Petersburg. Explain what is meant by the neurobiology of anxiety. Anxiety is a psychological and a behavioral state commonly characterized by avoidance behavior which affects a patient emotionally and psychologically. Neurobiology of anxiety is the classification of all anxiety disorders that affect the brain emotional states. These emotional states could be anxiety about the future, fear of the present or depression about events that occurred in the past. There are many different categories of the neurobiology of anxiety as listed below. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) which is most common in young adults like Amir. It’s the fear, anxiety and depression associated with reaction to any dangerous situation. (Psychiatryonline, 2014). GAD is more likely than not to be confused with other anxiety disorder types. For one to conclude that a patient has it, they must identify four symptoms from the first rank list and at least one from the second list. First rank Inability to relax or restlessness Fatigueability Exaggerated sudden response Muscle tension Poor sleeping habits Poor concentration Easily irritable Second Nausea or abdominal complaints A Dry mouth Tachycardia Tremor Stress disorders (Post traumatic stress disorder- PTSD) and Phobias which are divided into specific and social phobia. These are characterized by a general feeling of dissociation from reality. Panic disorders (With or without agoraphobia) -Attributes are manifested by intense apprehension, terror, fear often associated with feelings of hopelessness and intense physical discomfort. Attacks usually last for a short while and rarely take hours. In case they are accompanied by agoraphobia, there is a fear of being in places or Situations from which escape might be hard or in which help might not be available in the event of a panic attack (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health, 2000) Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder- The (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health, 2000) identifies the essential feature of this disorder as fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or in which help might not be available in the event of suddenly developing a symptom that could be incapacitating or extremely embarrassing. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) –This is characterized by involuntary recurring thoughts or images that the patient is not able to dispense. The victims feel powerless despite them knowing that it’s irrational behavior. The four general categories are: counting, checking, cleaning and finally avoidance. They happen frequently, which consequently interferes with normal daily activities. Acute Stress Disorder-It’s an anxiety disorder due to a general medical condition. Symptoms of are judged to be the direct physiological consequence of a general medical condition. They may include prominent generalized anxiety symptoms, panic attacks, or obsessions or compulsions (APA, 2000) References APA. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health (4th Ed.). DSM-IV-TR: American Psychiatric Assocaition press. Psychiatryonline. (2014). Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders. Retrieved March 31st, 2014, from www.psychiatryonline.org: http://psychiatryonline.org/content.aspx?bookid=29sectionid=1361949 School, I. S. (2008). Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders. In I. S. School. Russia: St. Petersburg. Why is hope relevant in mental health nursing practice? How might you incorporate this concept in subsequent therapeutic communication with Amir? What other elements of communication might you employ? Hope is a vital element in any human’s life and is a pivotal act in any mental health nurse. It helps people with any medical problem get assurance about their situation, whether or not the treatment or recovery is complete. Kylma and Vehvilainen-Julkunen (1997) described it as an experience, emotion or need. The term in nursing is regarded as being dynamic and helps in rebuilding a patients self-worth and how they regard themselves which acts as a complementary treatment. Amir needs to be shown unconditional acceptance, understanding and tolerance to help him overcome his disorder condition. A patient who believes that their situation can change through professional guidance and hard work from their end does find a way out of their situation. The reason the placebo effect is important when dealing with patients like Amir. The nurse-client relationship with Amir’s case needs to be on a personal level, to breed trust and a sense of value. Recognizing that Amirs case is difficult will be the first step to helping him since for him to feel inspired by the therapeutic communication; he must feel the same energy from the nurse. There are different ways in which one can inspire hope especially in Amir’s case. They include: Educating Amir of his condition, treatment and assuring him that he can still achieve all his goals and objectives like any normal human being. Group therapy –This is where the assessor tries to interact with the patient with a group of other patients with more or less similar anxiety disorders with the aid of a leader to help them resolve interpersonal problems. Groups bring a sense of security and trust that they not battling their condition alone. More often, this results in positive outcomes in almost all cases. Humor-Using humor to help Amir arouse happy thoughts and avoid the negative thoughts he gets during his waking time. Humor results to laughter which has been proven to be therapeutic. Spiritual aspect-Here one tries to introduce spirituality, faith in the patient, which is a form of faith in all religions. Psychoanalysis-The main goal will be to reduce his anxiety and guilt through verbal processes. Conduct Humanistic therapy to help him fulfill his full potential and improve self concept. Conduct Behavior and cognitive therapy to help him change unwanted abnormal behaviors and acquire desirable ones through revising his thoughts and behavioral training. Later, Amir can be engaged in the assessment of his hope level to monitor any progress. Use of Herth Hope Index (HHI) rating where higher rate shows a high level of hope and subsequent opposite are an indication of low self-worth and depression. Amir detachment from the normal world could drive him to commit suicide and thus the nurse need to do a full assessment on his level of hope. Effective communication of the management plan and encouraging self-help strategies will also play a big role during management discussion with Amir. References Derek Hayes, A. G., Suhaini, M. J., Kassim, K. K. (2014). Hope and Mental Health Nursing. LinkedIn Corporations. Psychiatryonline. (2014). Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders. Retrieved March 31st, 2014, from www.psychiatryonline.org: http://psychiatryonline.org/content.aspx?bookid=29sectionid=1361949 Define what is meant by ethnicity. Given Amir’s ethnic background explain what cultural assessments you might make in planning his ongoing care. Ethnicity refers to a state in which an individual belongs to a certain social group which happens to share common national, customs or cultural traditions. Amir is ethnic Hazara. The Hazara people have for a long time been the victim of discrimination in Afghanistan. At the refugee camp the people there are more likely to be of the same ethnicity with Amir. This will make it easier for Amir since he will feel a sense of belonging while interacting with people who share his cultural values and origin. I would use a cultural assessment tool to help me get all the information about Amir cultural background. Details I would include in the assessment area include: The primary language spoken by Amir, how he communicates with other people who speak a different language, whether he requires an interpreter or not, the highest level of education he has attained, whether his condition has ever occurred before, if it did in what manner was it handled, what are his normal ways of coping with stress? Let Amir describe his family living arrangements, the major decision maker in the family, his religious beliefs and any religious requirements or restrictions that may place limitation to his care, any special belief and practices that may vary from the conventional ways, from whom has the family been seeking help from. Additionally, the following questions should help in cultural assessment. Are there any topics that are particularly sensitive or unwilling to discuss (because of cultural taboos) Are there any activities in which Amir is unwilling to participate (because of cultural customs or taboos) What are the Amir’s personal feelings regarding touch? What are his personal feelings regarding eye contact? What is his personal orientation to time? (Past, present, future) Any particular illnesses to which the Amir may be bioculturally susceptible? All the above questions will help gather any possible information regarding the Hazara ethnic group which will help in treatment program recommended to Amir while he is in Australia. It will also help the employer of his religious and ethnic practices to avoid stigmatization. References Mary C.Townsend, D.-B. (2011). Nursing Diagnoses in Psychiatry Nursing (8th Edition Ed.). Philadelphia, 1915 Arch Street: F. A Davis Company. Psychiatryonline. (2014). Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders. Retrieved March 31st, 2014, from www.psychiatryonline.org:

Toyota Vietnam

In today automobiles industry, Toyota is well-known not only in Asia but also all over the world. Established seven decades ago, we could say that Toyota brand has been appeared most of countries all over the world, and they have a big influence on automobiles industry. Beside the success of Toyota through decades, Toyota has faced with many obstacle that affect strongly on its reputation in a few years back. Overview Toyota was found by Sakichi Toyoda. It traces the company's development through 1937, when Toyota Motor Co. Ltd was established with the mission is to make maximum long-term profits for its stockholders and be a good corporate citizen. In 1950, a Toyota motor sale Co. , Ltd was built because the company faces a financial crisis. After thirty years, Toyota Motor Co. , Ltd and Toyota motor sale Co. , Ltd are merged into Toyota Motor Corporation, 1982. The director of Toyota Corporation is Mr. Fujio Cho. Today, Toyota is the world's second or third largest automobiles manu facturer in both unit sales and in net sales, and the No. 1 seller of retail vehicles in the US. It produces over 5. 5 million vehicles per year. Toyota Motor Vietnam (TMV) was established in 1995 and official opening in October 1996. President is Mr. Akito Tachibana. Vietnam Toyota’s product includes Hiace, Camry, Corolla Altis, Innova, Vios and Fortuner (Locally-produced models)and Land Cruiser, Hilux (Imported models), with a production capacity of 20,000 vehicles/year. TMV is possessed by three associates: Toyota Motor Corporation (70%), Vietnam Engine and Agricultural Machinery Corporation – VEAM (20%), KUO Singapore Pte. Ltd (10%). Fact issues The first root problem which Toyota Vietnam encounters is business ethics. TMV is irresponsible in securing the customers’ safety. Although, during production process, the company detected three seriously technical flaws which are involved in safety standard contents, they still passed the decision to launch faulty cars to the market. At the time 2006- 2011, Innova and Fortuner cars were attracting lots of demand s by convenient designs, suitable price. It led TMV’s sale productivity last year up to 31,000 cars for Innova series that occupied 1/3 market share in Vietnam, according to bbc. co. uk/Vietnamese- article in 8th April 12, 2011. That means TMV get lots of profit from those attracted products; but users’ lives are threatening when driving. Moreover, the problem is just exposed to public by an employee who discontented with the irresponsibility of company. It leads the authorities entering into the investigations. The company brand was broken down; and TMV started losing the customers’ loyalty. However, in a press conference, Mr. Tadashi Yoshida- production director of TMV affirmed that â€Å"if there are any accidents which are defined relating to those technical faults by authorities, TMV will take the responsibility. † That means the rights of customers aren’t respected; the safety of thousands of consumers are not concentrated on. The second root problem which Toyota Vietnam is facing is human. In an organization, the human factor is the core in whole processes from production to management. Their power and contribution are invaluable to the growth of company. However, TMV is losing themselves far away their working philosophy â€Å"To employees, we always record and respect each individual’s efforts and contribution in our success. † In the case thousands faulty cars recently, Le Van Tach-an engineer of TMV find out serious faults which will affect to users’ safety, and send suggestion to stop manufacturing and recall the faulty cars to fix immediately. But, the managers don’t heed feedbacks, ideas, or opinions to solve problems effectively. They tend to ignore Mr. Tach many times, and have arbitrary decisions. That means employees contributions in TMV success aren’t focus. Therefore, the company has to face heavy criticisms. Solution Toyota cooperation offers several handling there problem including the external and the internal problems. Firstly, Toyota has some solution for external issue. To customers, the strategy carry the title â€Å"Customer first† which includes creating a complaint center for receiving, handling any customers’ complaints and solving problem with a good and friendly attitude. In addition, the complaint center also handles the employees’ suggestion. Further more, they could organize some corporate social responsibility programs to gain back their reputation and create a new responsibility image in community’s heart. Besides, they also need to do promotion to attract more customers. To employees, they should always record and respect each individual’s efforts and contribution in our success. This human-being business view point has made our active contributions for the society as the good citizen at the local community with 3 important targets: Customer’s satisfaction; Active contributions to Vietnam’s automobile industry and to Vietnam society. Secondly, Toyota has a strategy to solve the internal problem. In human resources strategy, Toyota divided into eight areas such as rewards and recognition, training, hiring, the performance management process, corporate culture, leadership development and succession, retention, risk assessment. However, basing on the published article, we can understand that TMV only need to execute in some fields include rewards and recognition, training, and the performance management process. The purpose of any corporate reward process is to encourage and incent the right behaviors and to discourage the negative ones. It’s important for the reward process to incent the gathering of information about problems. It’s equally important to reward employees who are successful in getting executives to take immediate action on negative information. Toyota can use rewards and recognition for the ones who can contribute the ideas of Cost-cutting, for example. Secondly, for training process, Toyota is famous for its four-step cycle — plan/do/check/act — but clearly the training among managers now needs to focus more on the last two. In addition, in an environment where safety is paramount, everyone should have been trained on the symptoms of â€Å"groupthink† and how to avoid the excess discounting or ignoring of negative external safety information. Finally, Performance management processes identify problem behaviors before they get out of hand, measure responsiveness to negative information, report groupthink type errors. Toyota doing so well, maybe for the time by time the strategy out of dates so retention and improving the current customers’ needs. Implementation The implementation of the strategy of Toyota should follow the ime illustrated by the the chart below. Conclusion General speaking, Toyota’s problems are the lessons for all of corporations in automobiles industry in particular and for all corporations in the world in general. Through those issues, we can conclude with three lessons. Firstly, the companies should not neglect the quality control, even though a famous brand. Secondly, they should not accelerate the market share without focusing on product quality control. Finally, they should build and protect the essence of the brand which is the strength of the brand, which is the product quality in the case of Toyota. Work cited http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/vietnam/2011/04/110408_toyotavietnam_recall.shtml http://www.tinmoi.vn/6-ldquochieurdquo-Toyota-dung-de-doi-pho-voi-con-loc-trieu-hoi-xe-04177312.html http://www.tienphong.vn/Xe-Hoi/533817/Toyota-se-nga-ngua-o-VN-vi-bi-tay-chay-.html http://vietbao.vn/Kinh-te/Toyota-cho-rang-xe-bi-to-loi-khong-can-thu-hoi/75283550/87/ http://vietbao.vn/Kinh-te/Toyota-VN-xin-thu-hoi-xe-bi-to-dinh-loi-nghiem-trong/75284215/87/ http://vietbao.vn/Kinh-te/Toyota-Viet-Nam-van-lap-lo-thong-tin/75283765/87/ http://tuoitrenews.vn/cmlink/tuoitrenews/business/toyota-vietnam-technical-flaws-spark-public-outrage-1.26622 http://tuoitrenews.vn/cmlink/tuoitrenews/business/vietnam-must-inspect-toyota-over-technical-faults-1.26804

Fans The Most Active and Creative Group Within Media...

â€Å"Fans are the ones who wear the colours of their favourite team, the ones who record their soap operas on VCR’S to watch after the day of work is over, the ones who tell you every detail about a movie stars life and work, the ones who sit in line for hours for front row tickets to rock concerts.† (Lisa. A. Lewis 1992: 1). This description of fans exhibits the intriguing nature and great interest so called fans has for their idols. It is argued that fans are the most creative and active group out of all of the media audiences. This could be because of the lengths fans go to in order to find out about the latest news concerning their idols or to get the latest merchandise provided by their idols. The examples of the activities fans†¦show more content†¦Jensen counters the view that the popular press portrays fans as ‘dangerous’ by approaching fans as â€Å"ordinary people immersed in everyday life, and reveals the deep dilemmas about modern life that generate such negative characterizations.† (Lisa. A. Lewis 1992: 2) Lawrence Grossberg approaches fandom as: â€Å"a special relationship between audience and culture in which the pleasure of consumption is superseded by an investment in difference. In fandom, moods and feelings become organized and particular objects or personas take on significance. By participating in fandom, fans construct coherent or cultural activity of their own making which is, potentially, a source of empowerment in struggles against oppressive ideologies and the unsatisfactory circumstances of everyday life.† (Lisa. A. Lewis 1992: 3) Both Grossberg and Jensen seem to agree on the fact that fandom is merely about giving people the opportunity to create a new identity for themselves and to move away from the negative aspects of their lives or society. This could not be said for other general media audiences. As mentioned above â€Å"fans† are the individuals who know almost every aspect of the movie stars life and who have the latest merchandise from their favourite movie star or musician. This could be down to the fact that fans want to escape the struggles of their everyday life and to feel connectedShow MoreRelatedThe Internet And The World Wide Web1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe Internet is a unique place where all different nationalities, social groups and age groups with different values and characteristics, meet and interact. All spheres of media are being represented on the world wide web. Some of the relations are being mirrored from those present in real life, but the internet was never the same. 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